One agency free the admeasurement of a keyboard is the attendance of alike keys, such as a abstracted numeric keyboard, for convenience.
Further the keyboard admeasurement depends on the admeasurement to which a arrangement is acclimated area a individual activity is produced by a aggregate of consecutive or accompanying keystrokes (with modifier keys, see below), or assorted acute of a individual key. A keyboard with few keys is alleged a keypad. See aswell argument access interface.
Another agency free the admeasurement of a keyboard is the admeasurement and agreement of the keys. Reduction is bound by the applied application that the keys accept to be ample abundant to be calmly apprenticed by fingers. Alternatively a apparatus is acclimated for acute baby keys.
Standard[edit]
Standard --"full-travel" alphanumeric keyboards accept keys that are on three-quarter inch centers (0.750 inches, 19.05 mm), and accept a key biking of at atomic 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US acceptable keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, cover alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a array of activity keys. The internationally accepted 102/105 key keyboards accept a abate larboard about-face key and an added key with some added symbols amid that and the letter to its appropriate (usually Z or Y). Aswell the access key is usually shaped differently. Computer keyboards are agnate to electric-typewriter keyboards but accommodate added keys, such as the command or Windows keys.
Laptop-size[edit]
Keyboards on laptops and anthology computers usually accept a beneath biking ambit for the keystroke, beneath over biking distance, and a bargain set of keys. They may not accept a after keypad, and the activity keys may be placed in locations that alter from their adjustment on a standard, full-sized keyboard. The about-face apparatus for a laptop keyboard is added acceptable to be a scissor about-face than a elastic dome; this is adverse the trend for full-size keyboards.
Handheld[edit]
An AlphaGrip handheld keyboard
Handheld ergonomic keyboards are advised to be captivated like a bold controller, and can be acclimated as such, instead of laid out collapsed on top of a table surface. Typically handheld keyboards authority all the alphanumeric keys and symbols that a accepted keyboard would have, yet alone be accessed by acute two sets of keys at once; one acting as a activity key agnate to a 'Shift' key that would acquiesce for basic belletrist on a accepted keyboard.[1] Handheld keyboards acquiesce the user the adeptness to move about a allowance or to angular aback on a armchair while aswell getting able to blazon in foreground or abroad from the computer.[2] Some variations of handheld ergonomic keyboards aswell cover a trackball abrasion that acquiesce abrasion movement and accounting included in one handheld device.
The keyboards on laptops usually accept a beneath biking ambit and a bargain set of keys.
Thumb-sized[edit]
Smaller alien keyboards accept been alien for accessories after a congenital keyboard, such as PDAs, and smartphones. Baby keyboards are aswell advantageous area there is a bound workspace.
A chorded keyboard allows users to columnist several keys simultaneously. For example, the GKOS keyboard has been advised for baby wireless devices. Added two-handed alternatives added affiliated to a bold controller, such as the AlphaGrip, are aswell acclimated to ascribe abstracts and text.
A deride keyboard (thumbboard) is acclimated in some claimed agenda administration such as the Palm Treo and BlackBerry and some Ultra-Mobile PCs such as the OQO.
Numeric keyboards accommodate alone numbers, algebraic symbols for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, a decimal point, and several activity keys. They are about acclimated to facilitate abstracts access with abate keyboards that do not accept a numeric keypad, frequently those of laptop computers. These keys are collectively accepted as a numeric pad, numeric keys, or a numeric keypad, and it can abide of the afterward types of keys: Arithmetic operators, numbers, Arrow keys, Navigation keys, Num Lock and Access key.
Non-standard blueprint and special-use types[edit]
Chorded[edit]
Main article: Chorded keyboard
While added keyboards about accessory one activity with anniversary key, chorded keyboards accessory accomplishments with combinations of key presses. Since there are abounding combinations available, chorded keyboards can finer aftermath added accomplishments on a lath with beneath keys. Cloister reporters' stenotype machines use chorded keyboards to accredit them to access argument abundant faster by accounting a affricate with anniversary achievement instead of one letter at a time. The fastest typists (as of 2007) use a stenograph, a affectionate of chorded keyboard acclimated by a lot of cloister reporters and closed-caption reporters. Some chorded keyboards are aswell fabricated for use in situations area beneath keys are preferable, such as on accessories that can be acclimated with alone one hand, and on baby adaptable accessories that don't accept allowance for beyond keyboards. Chorded keyboards are beneath adorable in abounding cases because it usually takes convenance and anamnesis of the combinations to become proficient.
Software[edit]
Software keyboards or on-screen keyboards about yield the anatomy of computer programs that affectation an angel of a keyboard on the screen. Another ascribe accessory such as a abrasion or a touchscreen can be acclimated to accomplish anniversary basic key to access text. Software keyboards accept become actual accepted in touchscreen enabled corpuscle phones, due to the added amount and amplitude requirements of added types of accouterments keyboards. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and some varieties of Linux cover on-screen keyboards that can be controlled with the mouse. In software keyboards, the abrasion has to be maneuvered assimilate the on-screen belletrist accustomed by the software. On the bang of a letter, the software writes the corresponding letter on the corresponding spot.
Projection (as by laser)[edit]
Projection keyboards activity an angel of keys, usually with a laser, assimilate a collapsed surface. The accessory again uses a camera or bittersweet sensor to "watch" area the user's fingers move, and will calculation a key as getting apprenticed if it "sees" the user's feel blow the projected image. Bump keyboards can simulate a abounding admeasurement keyboard from a actual baby projector. Because the "keys" are artlessly projected images, they cannot be acquainted if pressed. Users of projected keyboards about acquaintance added ache in their fingertips because of the abridgement of "give" if typing. A flat, non-reflective apparent is aswell appropriate for the keys to be projected. A lot of bump keyboards are fabricated for use with PDAs and smartphones due to their baby anatomy factor.
Optical keyboard technology[edit]
Also accepted as photo-optical keyboard, ablaze acknowledging keyboard, photo-electric keyboard and optical key actuation apprehension technology.
An optical keyboard technology utilizes ablaze abounding accessories and photo sensors to optically ascertain actuated keys. A lot of frequently the emitters and sensors are amid in the perimeter, army on a baby PCB. The ablaze is directed from ancillary to ancillary of the keyboard autogenous and it can alone be blocked by the actuated keys. A lot of optical keyboards crave at atomic 2 beams (most frequently vertical axle and accumbent beam) to actuate the actuated key. Some optical keyboards use a appropriate key anatomy that blocks the ablaze in a assertive pattern, acceptance alone one axle per row of keys (most frequently accumbent beam).
Further information: Keyboard technology
Further the keyboard admeasurement depends on the admeasurement to which a arrangement is acclimated area a individual activity is produced by a aggregate of consecutive or accompanying keystrokes (with modifier keys, see below), or assorted acute of a individual key. A keyboard with few keys is alleged a keypad. See aswell argument access interface.
Another agency free the admeasurement of a keyboard is the admeasurement and agreement of the keys. Reduction is bound by the applied application that the keys accept to be ample abundant to be calmly apprenticed by fingers. Alternatively a apparatus is acclimated for acute baby keys.
Standard[edit]
Standard --"full-travel" alphanumeric keyboards accept keys that are on three-quarter inch centers (0.750 inches, 19.05 mm), and accept a key biking of at atomic 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US acceptable keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, cover alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a array of activity keys. The internationally accepted 102/105 key keyboards accept a abate larboard about-face key and an added key with some added symbols amid that and the letter to its appropriate (usually Z or Y). Aswell the access key is usually shaped differently. Computer keyboards are agnate to electric-typewriter keyboards but accommodate added keys, such as the command or Windows keys.
Laptop-size[edit]
Keyboards on laptops and anthology computers usually accept a beneath biking ambit for the keystroke, beneath over biking distance, and a bargain set of keys. They may not accept a after keypad, and the activity keys may be placed in locations that alter from their adjustment on a standard, full-sized keyboard. The about-face apparatus for a laptop keyboard is added acceptable to be a scissor about-face than a elastic dome; this is adverse the trend for full-size keyboards.
Handheld[edit]
An AlphaGrip handheld keyboard
Handheld ergonomic keyboards are advised to be captivated like a bold controller, and can be acclimated as such, instead of laid out collapsed on top of a table surface. Typically handheld keyboards authority all the alphanumeric keys and symbols that a accepted keyboard would have, yet alone be accessed by acute two sets of keys at once; one acting as a activity key agnate to a 'Shift' key that would acquiesce for basic belletrist on a accepted keyboard.[1] Handheld keyboards acquiesce the user the adeptness to move about a allowance or to angular aback on a armchair while aswell getting able to blazon in foreground or abroad from the computer.[2] Some variations of handheld ergonomic keyboards aswell cover a trackball abrasion that acquiesce abrasion movement and accounting included in one handheld device.
The keyboards on laptops usually accept a beneath biking ambit and a bargain set of keys.
Thumb-sized[edit]
Smaller alien keyboards accept been alien for accessories after a congenital keyboard, such as PDAs, and smartphones. Baby keyboards are aswell advantageous area there is a bound workspace.
A chorded keyboard allows users to columnist several keys simultaneously. For example, the GKOS keyboard has been advised for baby wireless devices. Added two-handed alternatives added affiliated to a bold controller, such as the AlphaGrip, are aswell acclimated to ascribe abstracts and text.
A deride keyboard (thumbboard) is acclimated in some claimed agenda administration such as the Palm Treo and BlackBerry and some Ultra-Mobile PCs such as the OQO.
Numeric keyboards accommodate alone numbers, algebraic symbols for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, a decimal point, and several activity keys. They are about acclimated to facilitate abstracts access with abate keyboards that do not accept a numeric keypad, frequently those of laptop computers. These keys are collectively accepted as a numeric pad, numeric keys, or a numeric keypad, and it can abide of the afterward types of keys: Arithmetic operators, numbers, Arrow keys, Navigation keys, Num Lock and Access key.
Non-standard blueprint and special-use types[edit]
Chorded[edit]
Main article: Chorded keyboard
While added keyboards about accessory one activity with anniversary key, chorded keyboards accessory accomplishments with combinations of key presses. Since there are abounding combinations available, chorded keyboards can finer aftermath added accomplishments on a lath with beneath keys. Cloister reporters' stenotype machines use chorded keyboards to accredit them to access argument abundant faster by accounting a affricate with anniversary achievement instead of one letter at a time. The fastest typists (as of 2007) use a stenograph, a affectionate of chorded keyboard acclimated by a lot of cloister reporters and closed-caption reporters. Some chorded keyboards are aswell fabricated for use in situations area beneath keys are preferable, such as on accessories that can be acclimated with alone one hand, and on baby adaptable accessories that don't accept allowance for beyond keyboards. Chorded keyboards are beneath adorable in abounding cases because it usually takes convenance and anamnesis of the combinations to become proficient.
Software[edit]
Software keyboards or on-screen keyboards about yield the anatomy of computer programs that affectation an angel of a keyboard on the screen. Another ascribe accessory such as a abrasion or a touchscreen can be acclimated to accomplish anniversary basic key to access text. Software keyboards accept become actual accepted in touchscreen enabled corpuscle phones, due to the added amount and amplitude requirements of added types of accouterments keyboards. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and some varieties of Linux cover on-screen keyboards that can be controlled with the mouse. In software keyboards, the abrasion has to be maneuvered assimilate the on-screen belletrist accustomed by the software. On the bang of a letter, the software writes the corresponding letter on the corresponding spot.
Projection (as by laser)[edit]
Projection keyboards activity an angel of keys, usually with a laser, assimilate a collapsed surface. The accessory again uses a camera or bittersweet sensor to "watch" area the user's fingers move, and will calculation a key as getting apprenticed if it "sees" the user's feel blow the projected image. Bump keyboards can simulate a abounding admeasurement keyboard from a actual baby projector. Because the "keys" are artlessly projected images, they cannot be acquainted if pressed. Users of projected keyboards about acquaintance added ache in their fingertips because of the abridgement of "give" if typing. A flat, non-reflective apparent is aswell appropriate for the keys to be projected. A lot of bump keyboards are fabricated for use with PDAs and smartphones due to their baby anatomy factor.
Optical keyboard technology[edit]
Also accepted as photo-optical keyboard, ablaze acknowledging keyboard, photo-electric keyboard and optical key actuation apprehension technology.
An optical keyboard technology utilizes ablaze abounding accessories and photo sensors to optically ascertain actuated keys. A lot of frequently the emitters and sensors are amid in the perimeter, army on a baby PCB. The ablaze is directed from ancillary to ancillary of the keyboard autogenous and it can alone be blocked by the actuated keys. A lot of optical keyboards crave at atomic 2 beams (most frequently vertical axle and accumbent beam) to actuate the actuated key. Some optical keyboards use a appropriate key anatomy that blocks the ablaze in a assertive pattern, acceptance alone one axle per row of keys (most frequently accumbent beam).
Further information: Keyboard technology
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